This report compares the cultural patterns of understanding that Americans and Albertans apply in making sense of the issue of child mental health. These cross-cultural differences are employed to guide the application and refinement of a set of framing tools developed in the U.S. and to highlight specific areas that require future research and the development of additional frame elements for use in the Albertan context. The report also examines the differences between the ways that members of the scientific community and ordinary Albertans think about concepts of mental health and mental illness in relation to young children.